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  1. DataStructure
  2. LinkedList

HasCycle

Easy; Linkedlist;

PreviousDetect Start of CycleNextDetectCycle II

Last updated 4 years ago

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1. Link

2. 题目: 141. 环形链表

难度简单1057收藏分享切换为英文接收动态反馈

给定一个链表,判断链表中是否有环。

如果链表中有某个节点,可以通过连续跟踪 next 指针再次到达,则链表中存在环。 为了表示给定链表中的环,我们使用整数 pos 来表示链表尾连接到链表中的位置(索引从 0 开始)。 如果 pos 是 -1,则在该链表中没有环。注意:pos 不作为参数进行传递,仅仅是为了标识链表的实际情况。

如果链表中存在环,则返回 true 。 否则,返回 false 。

进阶:

你能用 O(1)(即,常量)内存解决此问题吗?

示例 1:

输入:head = [3,2,0,-4], pos = 1
输出:true
解释:链表中有一个环,其尾部连接到第二个节点。

3. 思路

证明快慢指针会相遇: 重点定义路径的头尾,以及中部(环)

  • 例子: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 2 -> 3 ->4 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> ...

  • 假设初始时 slow = 1, fast =2, fast = slow * 2 (不过 slow= 1, fast=1同样成立 fast = slow * 2 -1), 始终有 fast //2 = slow

  • 定义list的第一个node到环的第一个node(不包括环的第一个node)距离为: x

  • 定义环的第一个node 到相遇点(包括环的第一个node和相遇点)距离为: y

  • fast pt 循环了环的次数为: m

  • slow pt 循环了环的次数为: n

  • 环的node个数: L

  • slow pt经过的node的个数 = x(路径头部) + nL + y (路径尾部)

  • fast pt经过的node的个数 = x(路径头部) + mL + y (路径尾部,并且节点和slow达到的节点是同一个)

  • 问题就是要确认是否有解y使得 2(x + nL + y) = x + mL +y -> x+y(路径头尾相加) = L(m-2n)(环的长度循环的次数)

  • 由于 x, y , m, 2n 都是整数,那等式肯定有解决,也就是slow fast肯定相遇

  • 综上所说, 用快慢指针同时从头往前移动,当他们相遇就是有loop,如果不相遇,快指针就会指向None,就没有loop

4. Coding

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None

class Solution:
    def hasCycle(self, head: ListNode) -> bool:
        if not head:
            return False
        fast, slow = head.next, head
        while fast and fast.next:
            fast = fast.next.next
            slow = slow.next
            if slow == fast:
                return True
        return False

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